*Tinker+v.+Des+Moines

 **Tinker v Des Moines**

1. The Tinker v Des Moines case was heard by the Supreme Court in 1968 1/1

2. In December of 1965 A group of people living in Iowa decided to voice their opinions on the United States' presence in the Vietnam War. Mary Beth Tinker, 13, John F Tinker, 15, and Christopher Eckhardt, 16, all wore black arm bandS to school during the holiday season and fasted on December 16 and New Years Eve to voice their opinios. The children's parents and other petitioners made the regulations for the petition which included the arm bands and fasting.The schools did not approve of the children's behavior and on December 14 the Des Moines schools made a policy that stated that any student wearing a black arm band would be asked to remove it COMMA and if the student refused he or she would be suspended until the returned to school without the arm band. On December 16, Mery Beth and Christopher wore their arm bands to school, refused to take them off, and were suspended, John did the same thing the following day, December 17. A total of 5 students were suspended, all whoM did not return until after New Years Eve, which was the end of the petition. After the petition was over, the schools did not take away the new policy, and the children's fathers filed a suit in the US District Court asking for a little bit of money and a injunction to restrain school officials from enforcing the new policy. The court refused the injunction and the Tinkers then appealed that case to the Supreme Court. GOOD 5/5

3. The court realized that the children had freedom of speech under the first amendment and that will be protected by the schools under the 14th amendment. DID THEY KNOW THIS YET, OR WAS THAT THE QUESTION IT HAD TO DECIDEThe problem that the court had a problem with is that the amendments didn't state which types of speech were protected by the amendments. So the justice had to decide wether or not symbolic speech was included in the first amendment. The first amendment says "Congress shall make no law...abriding the freedomof speech." But it doesn't state which types of speech was WERE Bprotected. 4/5

4. In a 7-2 vote, the court decided that the children had the right to wear the arm bands in protest of the Vietnam War. Justice Abe Fortas said that the children had the right under the first amendment to express their opinions with their freedoms of speech. He said that the schools had control over certian things, but expression of their opinions is not something that the school took away. Those who voted against the case said that the children were breaking a rule that was put into place by the school for a reason and the children should have followed the rule.

5. This case allowed for a reinforcement that showed that the people still had their freedom of speech. It gave these children a way to protest their opinions about the war with symbolism and that there are other ways to protest than with their voices. It has changed the United States because it helped us also realize the importance of being able to voice our opinion without fearing that you will break the law. It is protected for us under the 1st amendment, and for a while it seemed like we had lost some of our freedoms. It re-asured the country that we still have that right and that it cant be taken from us.

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Mary Beth and John Tinker wearing their arm bands Mary Beth and John Tinker holding the armbands that they wore in the protest

PLEASE LABEL THE PICTURE 1.5/2

Bibliography:

//Tinker v. des moines school district (1969)//. (2005). Retrieved from []

//Tinker v. des moines//. (n.d.). Retrieved from []

//Forty years ago today: 'tinker v. des moines'//. (2009, February 24). Retrieved from []

//What a Black armband means, forty years later//. (2009, February 24). Retrieved from []

DID NOT USE APA FORMAT 1/2

13/25 = 52% (F)

WHAT YOU DID LOOKED GREAT, BUT YOU DID NOT INCLUDE TWO OF THE REQUIRED SECTIONS